Overview

Tetralogy of FallotEnlarge image

Tetralogy of Fallot (teh-TRAL-uh-jee of fuh-LOW) is a rare heart condition that is present at birth. That means it’s a congenital heart defect. A baby born with the condition has four different heart problems.

These heart problems affect the structure of the heart. The condition causes altered blood flow through the heart and to the rest of the body. Babies with tetralogy of Fallot often have blue or gray skin color due to low oxygen levels.

Tetralogy of Fallot is usually diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after a baby is born. If the heart changes and symptoms are mild, tetralogy of Fallot may not be noticed or diagnosed until adulthood.

People who are diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot need surgery to fix the heart. They will need regular health checkups for life.

Symptoms

Tetralogy of Fallot symptoms depend on how much blood flow is blocked from leaving the heart to go to the lungs. Symptoms may include:

• Blue or gray skin color.
• Shortness of breath and rapid breathing, especially during feeding or exercise.
• Trouble gaining weight.
• Getting tired easily during play or exercise.
• Irritability.
• Crying for long periods of time.
• Fainting.

Tet spells

Some babies with tetralogy of Fallot suddenly develop deep blue or gray skin, nails, and lips. This usually happens when the baby cries, eats or is upset. These episodes are called tet spells.

Tet spells are caused by a rapid drop in the amount of oxygen in the blood. They are most common in young infants, around 2 to 4 months old. Tet spells may be less noticeable in toddlers and older children. That’s because they typically squat when they’re short of breath. Squatting sends more blood to the lungs.

When to see a doctor

Serious congenital heart defects are often diagnosed before or soon after your child is born. Seek medical help if you notice that your baby has these symptoms:

• Trouble breathing.
• Bluish color of the skin.
• Lack of alertness.
• Seizures.
• Weakness.
• More irritable than usual.

If your baby becomes blue or gray, place your baby on the side and pull the baby’s knees up to the chest. This helps increase blood flow to the lungs. Call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.

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